Are you a nature enthusiast or a plant lover? If so, then you’re in luck! The “Wildflower Identification Guide for Illinois” is here to help you explore the mesmerizing world of wildflowers found in the beautiful state of Illinois. With over hundreds of wildflower species and hybrids, identifying them can be quite a challenge. However, this comprehensive guide provides a list of common and widespread wildflowers organized by color, making it easier for you to recognize and appreciate the diverse flora around you. Please note that this guide does not recommend planting these wildflowers in your yard, as some may be invasive. It is simply an ID guide for wildflowers you may encounter, complete with growing information, bloom time, sun exposure, and additional characteristics for each type. So grab your notebook and get ready to embark on a colorful journey through the enchanting world of Illinois wildflowers!
Red Wildflowers
Red wildflowers add a vibrant burst of color to any garden or natural landscape. Here are five popular red wildflowers found in Illinois.
1. Cardinal Flower
The Cardinal Flower (Lobelia cardinalis) is a striking wildflower with tall, upright stems and bright red tubular flowers. It prefers moist, shady areas and can grow up to 3 feet tall. Cardinal flowers bloom from mid-summer to early fall and attract hummingbirds with their nectar-rich blooms. They thrive in partial shade and are a beautiful addition to woodland gardens and wetland areas.
2. Red Columbine
Red Columbine (Aquilegia canadensis) is a delicate, bell-shaped wildflower with vibrant red flowers and distinctive yellow petals. It can be found in open woodlands and meadows throughout Illinois. Red Columbine blooms from late spring to early summer and prefers partial shade to full sun. This perennial wildflower attracts hummingbirds and butterflies and is a great choice for naturalizing in a garden or adding color to a rock garden.
3. Bee Balm
Bee Balm (Monarda didyma) is a showy wildflower with bright red, tubular-shaped flowers that are highly attractive to bees and butterflies. It thrives in moist, well-drained soil and prefers full sun to partial shade. Bee Balm blooms from mid-summer to early fall and reaches a height of 2 to 4 feet. It is a popular choice for borders, cottage gardens, and attracting pollinators to your yard.
4. Indian Paintbrush
Indian Paintbrush (Castilleja coccinea) is a unique wildflower with vibrant red bracts that resemble a paintbrush dipped in red paint. It is a semi-parasitic plant that relies on the roots of other plants for nutrients. Indian Paintbrush blooms from late spring to early summer and prefers well-drained soil in full sun. It is commonly found in prairies and open fields, adding a pop of color to the landscape.
5. Fire Pink
Fire Pink (Silene virginica) is a stunning wildflower with fiery red petals and deeply notched petals. It blooms from late spring to early summer and prefers well-drained soil in full sun to partial shade. Fire Pink is commonly found in woodlands, meadows, and along rocky slopes. Its vibrant red color attracts hummingbirds and butterflies, making it a fantastic addition to any wildlife garden.
Yellow Wildflowers
Yellow wildflowers bring a sunny and cheerful touch to any landscape. Here are five yellow wildflowers commonly found in Illinois.
1. Black-eyed Susan
Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta) is a classic yellow wildflower with a dark brown or black center. It blooms from summer to fall and is highly attractive to bees and butterflies. Black-eyed Susan thrives in full sun and well-drained soil. It can reach a height of 2 to 3 feet and is commonly found in prairies, meadows, and along roadways.
2. Sunflower
Sunflowers (Helianthus spp.) are a well-loved symbol of summer. These tall and cheerful wildflowers have large yellow petals surrounding a dark brown center. Sunflowers bloom from mid-summer to early fall and prefer full sun and well-drained soil. They can reach impressive heights, with some species standing over 10 feet tall. Sunflowers are a favorite among pollinators and make a stunning addition to any garden or meadow.
3. Goldenrod
Goldenrod (Solidago spp.) is a native wildflower often associated with fall. It has bright yellow flower clusters that add a splash of color to late summer and early autumn landscapes. Goldenrod prefers full sun and well-drained soil and can reach heights of 2 to 5 feet. It is highly attractive to bees and butterflies and is commonly found in prairies, meadows, and along roadsides.
4. Tickseed
Tickseed (Coreopsis spp.) is a daisy-like wildflower with bright yellow petals and a distinct brown or maroon center. It blooms from summer to fall and prefers full sun and well-drained soil. Tickseed is typically low-growing, reaching heights of 1 to 3 feet. It is a favorite among pollinators and adds a cheerful touch to borders, meadows, and rock gardens.
5. Yellow Coneflower
Yellow Coneflower (Ratibida pinnata) is a prairie wildflower with bright yellow petals and a cone-shaped center. It blooms from mid-summer to early fall and attracts butterflies and bees. Yellow Coneflower prefers full sun and well-drained soil and can reach heights of 3 to 6 feet. It is commonly found in prairies, meadows, and open fields, adding a splash of yellow to the landscape.
Purple Wildflowers
Purple wildflowers bring a sense of elegance and beauty to any garden or natural habitat. Here are five purple wildflowers commonly found in Illinois.
1. Purple Coneflower
Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) is a popular perennial wildflower known for its stunning purple petals and prominent cone-shaped center. It blooms from mid-summer to early fall and prefers full sun to partial shade. Purple Coneflower can reach heights of 3 to 4 feet and is highly attractive to butterflies and bees. It is commonly found in prairies, meadows, and garden borders.
2. Wild Bergamot
Wild Bergamot (Monarda fistulosa) is a native wildflower with beautiful lavender-purple flowers. Its distinctive fragrance and nectar-rich blooms attract bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds. Wild Bergamot blooms from mid-summer to early fall and prefers full sun to partial shade. It reaches a height of 2 to 4 feet and is commonly found in prairies, meadows, and along roadsides.
3. Spiderwort
Spiderwort (Tradescantia spp.) is a charming wildflower with delicate purple flowers and grass-like foliage. It blooms from late spring to early summer and prefers moist, well-drained soil in full sun to partial shade. Spiderwort reaches a height of 1 to 2 feet and attracts butterflies. It is commonly found in woodlands, meadows, and along stream banks, adding a touch of purple to the landscape.
4. Blue Phlox
Blue Phlox (Phlox divaricata) is a woodland wildflower with clusters of fragrant, light purple flowers. It blooms from late spring to early summer and prefers partial shade to full shade. Blue Phlox reaches a height of 1 to 2 feet and is commonly found in woodlands and shaded gardens. Its lovely purple blooms attract butterflies and make a beautiful groundcover.
5. Virginia Bluebells
Virginia Bluebells (Mertensia virginica) are a stunning wildflower with bell-shaped flowers that start as pink buds and gradually turn purple-blue as they bloom. They prefer moist, well-drained soil and partial shade. Virginia Bluebells bloom from early to mid-spring and reach heights of 1 to 2 feet. They are commonly found in woodlands and along stream banks, adding a touch of purple-blue to the landscape.
Pink Wildflowers
Pink wildflowers add a soft and romantic touch to any garden or natural area. Here are five pink wildflowers commonly found in Illinois.
1. Wild Geranium
Wild Geranium (Geranium maculatum) is a native wildflower with delicate pink flowers and palmately lobed leaves. It blooms from late spring to early summer and prefers moist, well-drained soil in partial shade to full shade. Wild Geranium reaches a height of 1 to 2 feet and is commonly found in woodlands, meadows, and along stream banks.
2. Swamp Rose
Swamp Rose (Rosa palustris) is a lovely wildflower with fragrant, pink flowers and thorny stems. It blooms from late spring to early summer and prefers wet soil, such as swamps, marshes, and wet meadows. Swamp Rose reaches a height of 4 to 7 feet and attracts bees and butterflies. It is commonly found in wetland areas and adds a splash of pink to the landscape.
3. Shooting Star
Shooting Star (Dodecatheon spp.) is a unique wildflower with pink or lavender flowers that resemble shooting stars. It blooms from late spring to early summer and prefers moist, well-drained soil in partial shade to full sun. Shooting Star reaches a height of 1 to 2 feet and is commonly found in woodlands and meadows. Its unique flowers attract butterflies and add a whimsical touch to the garden.
4. Blazing Star
Blazing Star (Liatris spp.) is a tall and striking wildflower with pink or purple flower spikes. It blooms from mid-summer to early fall and prefers full sun and well-drained soil. Blazing Star can reach heights of 2 to 5 feet and attracts butterflies and bees. It is commonly found in prairies, meadows, and along roadsides, adding a vertical element and pops of pink to the landscape.
5. Prairie Phlox
Prairie Phlox (Phlox pilosa) is a native wildflower with clusters of fragrant, pink flowers. It blooms from late spring to early summer and prefers full sun and well-drained soil. Prairie Phlox reaches a height of 1 to 2 feet and is commonly found in prairies, meadows, and along roadsides. Its sweet fragrance and pink blooms attract butterflies and make a beautiful addition to any garden.
White Wildflowers
White wildflowers bring an element of purity and elegance to gardens and natural landscapes. Here are five white wildflowers commonly found in Illinois.
1. White Fringed Orchid
White Fringed Orchid (Platanthera blephariglottis) is a stunning wildflower with cascading white flowers and fringed petals. It blooms from late spring to early summer and prefers moist, acidic soil in full sun to partial shade. White Fringed Orchid can reach heights of 2 to 4 feet and is commonly found in wetland areas, adding a touch of grace and beauty to the landscape.
2. Yarrow
Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) is a versatile wildflower with flat clusters of white flowers and fern-like foliage. It blooms from mid-spring to early fall and prefers full sun and well-drained soil. Yarrow can reach heights of 1 to 3 feet and is commonly found in prairies, meadows, and along roadsides. Its long-lasting blooms attract butterflies and make a lovely addition to flower arrangements.
3. White Campion
White Campion (Silene latifolia) is a wildflower with white flowers that have a delicate fragrance and bloom at night. It blooms from late spring to early fall and prefers well-drained soil in full sun to partial shade. White Campion reaches a height of 1 ½ to 3 feet and is commonly found in waste areas, meadows, and along roadsides. Its white blooms attract moths and add a touch of elegance to the landscape.
4. White Clover
White Clover (Trifolium repens) is a low-growing wildflower with white flower clusters and clover-like leaves. It blooms from late spring to early fall and prefers well-drained soil in full sun to partial shade. White Clover is highly attractive to bees and butterflies and is commonly found in lawns, meadows, and along roadsides. Its white flowers add a delicate touch to the landscape.
5. Oxeye Daisy
Oxeye Daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare) is a cheerful wildflower with white petals and a yellow center. It blooms from late spring to early summer and prefers full sun and well-drained soil. Oxeye Daisy can reach heights of 1 to 3 feet and is commonly found in meadows, pastures, and along roadways. Its bright white blooms attract bees and butterflies and add a charming touch to the landscape.
Blue Wildflowers
Blue wildflowers create a sense of serenity and tranquility in gardens and natural areas. Here are five blue wildflowers commonly found in Illinois.
1. Blue Vervain
Blue Vervain (Verbena hastata) is a tall and graceful wildflower with vibrant blue flowers clustered along upright stems. It blooms from mid-summer to early fall and prefers moist, well-drained soil in full sun to partial shade. Blue Vervain can reach heights of 3 to 5 feet and attracts butterflies and bees. It is commonly found in wet meadows, stream banks, and prairies.
2. Wild Blue Indigo
Wild Blue Indigo (Baptisia australis) is a striking perennial wildflower with spikes of deep blue flowers. It blooms from late spring to early summer and prefers full sun and well-drained soil. Wild Blue Indigo can reach heights of 3 to 4 feet and attracts butterflies and bees. It is commonly found in prairies, open woodlands, and along roadsides.
3. Blue Flag Iris
Blue Flag Iris (Iris versicolor) is a native wildflower with showy blue-violet flowers and sword-shaped leaves. It blooms from late spring to early summer and prefers moist soil and full sun to partial shade. Blue Flag Iris reaches a height of 2 to 3 feet and is commonly found in wetlands, marshes, and along stream banks. Its vibrant blue blooms add a touch of elegance to the landscape.
4. Virginia Bluebells
Virginia Bluebells (Mertensia virginica) are known for their charming blue flowers that start as pink buds and gradually turn purple-blue as they bloom. They prefer moist, well-drained soil and partial shade. Virginia Bluebells bloom from early to mid-spring and reach heights of 1 to 2 feet. They are commonly found in woodlands and along stream banks, adding a touch of purple-blue to the landscape.
5. Spiderwort
Spiderwort (Tradescantia spp.) is a beautiful wildflower with blue-violet or purplish-blue flowers that contrast against its grass-like foliage. It blooms from late spring to early summer and prefers moist, well-drained soil in full sun to partial shade. Spiderwort reaches a height of 1 to 2 feet and attracts butterflies. It is commonly found in woodlands, meadows, and along stream banks, adding a touch of blue to the landscape.
Orange Wildflowers
Orange wildflowers bring warmth and energy to gardens and natural landscapes. Here are five orange wildflowers commonly found in Illinois.
1. Butterfly Weed
Butterfly Weed (Asclepias tuberosa) is a vibrant orange wildflower that attracts butterflies with its nectar-rich blooms. It blooms from mid-summer to early fall and prefers well-drained soil and full sun. Butterfly Weed can reach heights of 1 to 3 feet and is commonly found in prairies, meadows, and along roadsides. It serves as a host plant for monarch butterflies and adds a splash of orange to the landscape.
2. Indian Blanket
Indian Blanket (Gaillardia pulchella) is a striking wildflower with orange-red petals and yellow tips. It blooms from summer to fall and prefers full sun and well-drained soil. Indian Blanket can reach heights of 1 to 3 feet and is commonly found in prairies, meadows, and along roadsides. Its bold colors and daisy-like blooms attract bees and butterflies, making it a great addition to any pollinator garden.
3. Orange Coneflower
Orange Coneflower (Rudbeckia fulgida) is a perennial wildflower with vibrant orange-yellow petals and a dark brown center. It blooms from mid-summer to early fall and prefers full sun and well-drained soil. Orange Coneflower can reach heights of 2 to 3 feet and is highly attractive to butterflies and bees. It is commonly found in prairies, meadows, and along roadsides, adding a burst of orange to the landscape.
4. Orange Hawkweed
Orange Hawkweed (Hieracium aurantiacum) is an invasive wildflower with orange flowers and hairy leaves. Although visually striking, Orange Hawkweed should be avoided if found on your property as it can become highly invasive. It blooms from late spring to early summer and prefers full sun and well-drained soil. Orange Hawkweed reaches a height of 1 to 2 feet and is commonly found in open fields, roadsides, and disturbed areas.
5. Orange Jewelweed
Orange Jewelweed (Impatiens capensis) is a woodland wildflower with bright orange flowers and succulent stems. It blooms from mid-summer to early fall and prefers moist, shaded areas. Orange Jewelweed can reach heights of 3 to 5 feet and is commonly found along stream banks, in wet woodlands, and in shaded gardens. Its vibrant orange blooms attract hummingbirds and butterflies and add a pop of color to the landscape.
Multicolor Wildflowers
Multicolor wildflowers offer a delightful mix of colors and patterns that bring vibrancy to gardens and natural areas. Here are five multicolor wildflowers commonly found in Illinois.
1. Prairie Smoke
Prairie Smoke (Geum triflorum) is a unique wildflower with delicate pink or purple flowers and feathery, silver-gray seed heads that resemble smoke. It blooms from late spring to early summer and prefers full sun and well-drained soil. Prairie Smoke reaches a height of 6 to 12 inches and is commonly found in prairies, meadows, and open woodlands. Its beautiful flowers and seed heads add texture and interest to the landscape.
2. Bessey’s Betony
Bessey’s Betony (Stachys besseyana) is a native wildflower with a mix of pink and purple flowers clustered on upright stems. It blooms from late spring to early summer and prefers full sun and well-drained soil. Bessey’s Betony can reach heights of 1 to 2 feet and is commonly found in prairies, meadows, and along roadsides. Its colorful blooms attract bees and butterflies, adding a burst of color to the landscape.
3. Prairie Coreopsis
Prairie Coreopsis (Coreopsis palmata) is a cheerful wildflower with a mix of yellow and maroon petals. It blooms from mid-summer to early fall and prefers full sun and well-drained soil. Prairie Coreopsis can reach heights of 2 to 4 feet and is commonly found in prairies, meadows, and along roadsides. Its vibrant blooms attract butterflies and make a beautiful addition to any pollinator garden.
4. Harebell
Harebell (Campanula rotundifolia) is a delicate wildflower with bell-shaped flowers in various shades of blue, purple, and occasionally pink or white. It blooms from late spring to early fall and prefers well-drained soil in full sun to partial shade. Harebell reaches a height of 6 to 12 inches and is commonly found in grasslands, meadows, and along rocky slopes. Its nodding blooms add a touch of multicolor beauty to the landscape.
5. Purple Prairie Clover
Purple Prairie Clover (Dalea purpurea) is a native wildflower with conical flower spikes that transition from purple to pale pink as they bloom. It blooms from mid-summer to early fall and prefers full sun and well-drained soil. Purple Prairie Clover can reach heights of 1 to 3 feet and is commonly found in prairies, meadows, and open woodlands. Its unique coloration and nectar-rich blooms attract butterflies and bees.
Green Wildflowers
Green wildflowers add a refreshing and soothing touch to gardens and natural landscapes. Here are five green wildflowers commonly found in Illinois.
1. Green Milkweed
Green Milkweed (Asclepias viridiflora) is a unique wildflower with greenish-yellow flowers and clusters of green foliages. It blooms from mid-summer to early fall and prefers well-drained soil and full sun. Green Milkweed can reach heights of 1 to 3 feet and is highly attractive to butterflies and bees. It is commonly found in prairies, meadows, and along roadsides, adding a touch of green to the landscape.
2. Pokeweed
Pokeweed (Phytolacca americana) is a tall and vibrant wildflower with clusters of greenish-white flowers and dark purple berries. It blooms from mid-summer to early fall and prefers moist, well-drained soil and full sun to partial shade. Pokeweed can reach impressive heights of 6 to 10 feet and is commonly found in disturbed areas, woodland edges, and along roadsides. Its green flowers and colorful berries add a unique element to the landscape.
3. Jack-in-the-pulpit
Jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum) is a fascinating woodland wildflower with green flowers enclosed by a hood-like structure called a spathe. It blooms from late spring to early summer and prefers moist, shaded areas. Jack-in-the-pulpit reaches a height of 1 to 2 feet and is commonly found in woodlands and shaded gardens. Its unique green flowers and distinctive foliage add intrigue and beauty to the landscape.
4. Green Dragon
Green Dragon (Arisaema dracontium) is a striking wildflower with a green spathe and a long, slender spadix. It blooms from late spring to early summer and prefers moist, well-drained soil in partial shade to full shade. Green Dragon can reach heights of 2 to 4 feet and is commonly found in woodlands and damp areas. Its intriguing green flowers and unique structure make it a standout in the landscape.
5. Skunk Cabbage
Skunk Cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus) is a wetland wildflower with large, cabbage-like leaves and a striking spadix covered in tiny green flowers. It blooms in early spring, often when snow is still on the ground, and prefers moist to wet soil in full sun to partial shade. Skunk Cabbage can reach heights of 1 to 3 feet and is commonly found in wet woodlands and along stream banks. Its green flowers and large leaves add a touch of green to the early spring landscape.
Wildflower Identification Tips
Identifying wildflowers in Illinois can be both exciting and challenging due to the vast number of species and hybrids. Here are five tips to help with wildflower identification.
1. Pay attention to flower shape and arrangement
Examining the shape and arrangement of the flowers can provide valuable clues for identification. Take note of factors such as the petal shape, the number of petals, and how the flowers are arranged on the stem. These characteristics can help narrow down the possibilities and identify the wildflower more accurately.
2. Observe leaf characteristics
The leaves of a wildflower can provide important information for identification. Pay attention to leaf shape, size, and arrangement on the stem. Note whether the leaves are simple or compound, smooth-edged or serrated. This information, along with other characteristics, such as leaf color and texture, can help in narrowing down the potential species.
3. Take note of plant height and growth habit
The height and growth habit of a wildflower can also aid in identification. Some species may have specific height ranges or growth habits, such as creeping, upright, or sprawling. Taking note of these characteristics can help differentiate between similar-looking species and narrow down the possibilities.
4. Consider bloom time and duration
The timing and duration of a wildflower’s blooming period can provide valuable clues for identification. Some species may bloom only in specific seasons, while others may have longer or shorter flowering periods. Cross-referencing bloom times with other characteristics can help pinpoint the correct identification.
5. Consult field guides and online resources for additional help
Field guides and online resources can be invaluable tools for wildflower identification. These resources often provide detailed descriptions, photographs, and range maps for different species, making it easier to narrow down the options and make a more accurate identification. Additionally, online forums and communities dedicated to wildflower identification can provide guidance and support from experienced enthusiasts.
In conclusion, identifying wildflowers in Illinois can be a rewarding and enjoyable experience. By paying attention to flower shape, leaf characteristics, plant height, bloom time, and consulting reliable resources, enthusiasts can gain a deeper understanding of the diverse and beautiful wildflowers that grace the state’s landscapes. Remember to always respect nature and avoid planting invasive species that may harm the environment.