Did you know that Romania is home to three venomous snakes? In this ID guide, you will learn about these snakes and how to identify them. It’s important to note that while they are venomous, they generally try to avoid contact with humans and will only bite if provoked or threatened. This article provides valuable information on these snakes and emphasizes the importance of leaving them undisturbed for the safety of both humans and the snakes themselves. So let’s dive in and explore the world of venomous snakes in Romania!
1. Adder Vipera berus
Identifying Characteristics
The Adder, also known as the Common European Adder or Viper, is a venomous snake found in Romania. Adults of this species average around 55 cm (22 in) in length. They can vary in color, ranging from brown, red, or light grey, often with a zigzag stripe on their back. However, some individuals may be entirely black. The head of the Adder is fairly large and distinct, with a distinctive dark V or X on its back.
Danger Level
Adders are not considered to be an incredibly dangerous venomous snake in Romania. They are not very aggressive and rarely bite unless stepped on, picked up, or provoked. However, if bitten, their venom can cause swelling, internal hemorrhaging, and necrosis. While the venom can be lethal, deaths from Adder bites are incredibly rare. In Britain, for example, there has only been 1 fatality since 1876, despite about 200 people being bitten each year.
Range and Habitat
Adders are found in various habitats including forest clearings, marshlands, heathlands, pastures with hedgerows, and even alpine meadows in the Alps. They mostly feed on small mammals but will also consume lizards, birds, and frogs when available. Due to their large distribution and broad range of habitats, the population of Adders is currently not threatened. However, their numbers are slightly decreasing due to habitat loss for agriculture and capturing them for the pet trade and venom extraction.
2. Nose-horned Viper Vipera ammodytes
Identifying Characteristics
The Nose-horned Viper, also known as the Horned Viper, Long-nosed Viper, or Sand Viper, is another venomous snake found in Romania. They have an average total length of 50-70 cm (19.5-27.5 in), with some individuals growing larger. The coloration of this species can vary, including silver-grey, beige, red, brown, and dark grey, but there is almost always a dark zigzag on their back. They often have a row of round dots on their sides.
Danger Level
The Nose-horned Viper is considered the most dangerous venomous snake in Romania. Their venom is highly toxic, with both neurotoxic and cytotoxic components. A bite from this snake can cause severe pain and swelling. Luckily, antivenom is available if medical attention is sought promptly. It’s important to avoid handling or accidentally stepping on this snake as they are not easily agitated and typically only bite when provoked.
Range and Habitat
Nose-horned Vipers can be found near rocks and stones, including stone walls, that provide them with cover from vegetation. They are not as widely distributed as the Adder and are typically found in more specific habitats. Males and females of this species differ slightly in appearance. Females usually have more brownish or reddish shades, while males are more greyish. Additionally, females lack the dark blotch or V marking on the back of the head that males have.
3. Meadow Viper Vipera ursinii
Identifying Characteristics
The Meadow Viper, also known as Vipera ursinii, is a venomous snake in Romania. Adults of this species average between 40 and 50 cm (15.75-19.69 inches) in total length. They have a gray, tan, or yellowish coloration with a dark wavy dorsal stripe that is edged with black. Unlike the Asp Viper, the snout of the Meadow Viper is not upturned.
Danger Level
Meadow Vipers are considered very rare in Romania and are in danger of extinction, with only a few scattered populations remaining. Although they are among the smallest venomous snakes in Europe, they are incredibly feisty when they feel threatened and will hiss and strike in defense. Their venom, while not the most dangerous among European vipers, can still cause painful bites and internal hemorrhaging.
Range and Habitat
These snakes are primarily found in mountainous areas, and their main threats include habitat destruction due to agriculture and climate change. Meadow Vipers are relatively rare in Romania, and their population is declining due to these factors. Despite their small size, they should be approached with caution as they can still deliver venomous bites.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Romania is home to three venomous snake species: the Adder (Vipera berus), the Nose-horned Viper (Vipera ammodytes), and the Meadow Viper (Vipera ursinii). While the Adder is not considered highly dangerous, the Nose-horned Viper is the most venomous snake in Romania, and the Meadow Viper is rare and facing the threat of extinction. It’s important to exercise caution and avoid provoking or handling these snakes if encountered. If bitten, seeking immediate medical attention is crucial to ensure proper treatment.