In Iowa, there are 9 species of owls, each with their own unique habitats and preferences. Some, like the Barn Owl and Eastern Screech-owl, can be found throughout the state year-round, while others, such as the Northern Hawk Owl and Burrowing Owl, are more rare and only appear in specific areas during specific seasons. Spotting these owls can be a challenge, as they are nocturnal and are masters of camouflage. However, their distinct calls and behaviors can help with identification. The Great Horned Owl, with its tufted feathers and deep hooting sounds, is one of the most easily recognized owl species in Iowa. Not only are these owls fascinating creatures, but they also play an important role in controlling populations of rodents and other small animals.
Barn Owl
The Barn Owl is one of the nine species of owls found in Iowa. These magnificent creatures can be spotted throughout Iowa year-round. Barn Owls have distinct habitats and preferences, often choosing to nest in barns, hollow trees, or abandoned buildings. They are known for their heart-shaped faces and pale, mottled feathers, which provide excellent camouflage in their surroundings.
Eastern Screech-owl
Another species of owl found in Iowa is the Eastern Screech-owl. These small owls are typically found in wooded areas, making their homes in tree cavities. Despite their name, Eastern Screech-owls rarely screech. Instead, they produce a haunting trill or soft whistle. They are known for their charming ear tufts and mottled gray or reddish-brown plumage.
Northern Hawk Owl
The Northern Hawk Owl is a rare sight in Iowa, as it only migrates through the state during certain seasons. These owls prefer open habitats, such as fields or prairies, where they can easily spot their prey. With their long tails and compact bodies, Northern Hawk Owls are agile hunters that can spot small mammals from high perches. Their distinct call, similar to a high-pitched whistle, can help bird enthusiasts identify them.
Burrowing Owl
Burrowing Owls are another species that can be found in specific areas of Iowa. As their name suggests, these owls prefer grasslands and open areas where they can dig their burrows or use abandoned burrows made by other animals. They have long legs and short tails, which they use for agility during hunts. Burrowing Owls have a unique chirping call, often described as a bubbling sound, which helps distinguish them from other species.
Barred Owl
The Barred Owl is a larger owl species that can be found in forests and swamps across Iowa. These owls have brown plumage with vertical streaks of white on their chests and bellies, giving them their distinct barred appearance. Barred Owls have a deep hooting call that sounds like “Who cooks for you? Who cooks for you all?” This call is often heard during the nighttime forest walks, adding an enchanting element to the experience.
Long-eared Owl
Long-eared Owls are skilled hunters that tend to inhabit dense forests in Iowa. These owls have slender bodies and are known for their long ear tufts, which are not actually ears but merely feathers used for communication and display. Although Long-eared Owls may be difficult to spot due to their excellent camouflage, they emit a low hooting sound that varies in pitch and duration, aiding in their identification.
Short-eared Owl
The Short-eared Owl is another resident of the open grasslands in Iowa. These owls have a compact body with short ears, giving them their name. They can often be observed hunting during daylight, unlike many other owl species. Their flight is characterized by slow, buoyant wingbeats, making them appear ghost-like as they hover low above the ground. Short-eared Owls emit a soft, raspy call that resembles a barking dog, helping birdwatchers locate them.
Northern Saw-whet Owl
The Northern Saw-whet Owl is a small owl species that prefers coniferous forests and wooded areas. These owls have a rounded head with large yellow eyes, surrounded by facial disk feathers. Despite their small size, Northern Saw-whet Owls have a surprisingly loud, high-pitched call that sounds like “toot-toot-toot.” They often roost in dense foliage, making them challenging to spot, but their distinct call can indicate their presence.
Great Horned Owl
The Great Horned Owl is one of the most iconic owl species in Iowa. With their tufted feathers and deep hooting sounds, they are easily recognized and revered. Great Horned Owls have a versatile habitat range, from forests to deserts and even urban areas. They are powerful predators, capable of taking down prey larger than themselves. Their unmistakable hoots can carry for long distances during the quiet night, making their presence known.
Importance of Owls
Owls play a crucial role in maintaining a balanced ecosystem in Iowa. Their diet mainly consists of rodents, such as mice and voles, helping to control their populations. By keeping these small mammal populations in check, owls indirectly contribute to protecting crops and reducing damage caused by these pests.
Additionally, owls serve as indicators of environmental health. Their presence in an area can indicate the presence of a healthy prey base and suitable habitat. Monitoring owl populations can provide valuable insights into the overall health of the ecosystem in which they reside.
Furthermore, owls are fascinating creatures that intrigue both scientists and nature enthusiasts alike. Studying their behavior, habitats, and migration patterns contributes to our understanding of the natural world. Owls also have a significant cultural and symbolic value, appearing in folklore and art throughout history.
In conclusion, the nine species of owls found in Iowa each bring their unique characteristics and beauty to the state. From the elusive Northern Hawk Owl to the ubiquitous Great Horned Owl, each species plays a vital role in the ecosystem. Their presence not only helps control pest populations but also offers a sense of wonder and appreciation for the natural world. So, keep your eyes and ears open, and you may be fortunate enough to spot one of these magnificent creatures during your next Iowa adventure.